Experiment Limitations and Improvements

Limitation	Improvement
Two readings are not enough to draw a valid conclusion.	Take more readings and plot a graph.
Parallax error when measuring distance between cylinder.	Use a grid screen and project light perpendicular for accurate shadow measurement.
No fixed position for releasing the object (block).	Use a spring‑loaded device to release the clay consistently.
Oscillations were not in one plane.	Use thicker bamboo with grooves aligned in one plane.
Difficult to judge when to start the stopwatch.	Video record with timer in view and playback frame‑by‑frame, or use a light gate.
Difficult to line up protractor with paperclips in air and measure θ.	Mount protractor on a block; use a third stand and clamp to hold paperclips.
Difficult to measure length k of paperclips as they are not supported.	Place a grid screen behind apparatus; measure L and θ using the grid.
Paperclips slip over bamboo rod as it is smooth.	Wrap a short piece of string or rubber band over bamboo to hold paperclips in place.
Slight push may be exerted when releasing clay, affecting oscillation period.	Use a spring‑loaded release device for accuracy.
Variable amplitudes when releasing clay.	Use a fiducial marker to align clay before release.