Biology – Leaf and Flower

Plant Systems  

- Shoot system: The part of the plant above the soil (stems, leaves, flowers, fruits).  

- Root system: The part of the plant below the soil (roots, root hairs).  

Parts of a Leaf  

- Lamina: The broad, green part of the leaf.  

- Midrib: The central line running through the leaf.  

- Veins: Branches attached to the midrib, carrying water and nutrients.  

- Petiole: The stalk that attaches the leaf to the stem.  

- Axillary bud: A small bud found at the junction of the stem and petiole; it can grow into a branch or flower.  

Types of Venation (arrangement of veins)  

- Reticulate venation: Veins form a network; broad in the middle and narrow at the ends (common in dicots).  

- Parallel venation: Veins run parallel to each other (common in monocots).