Excretion
- The process of removing waste products from the body.
- Metabolic wastes such as urea and carbon dioxide are poisonous, so they must be excreted regularly.
Skin as an organ of excretion
- The skin removes excess salts and water through sweat.
- In summer, more water is lost through sweating, so less water is available for urine formation.
- In winter, sweating is reduced because the body needs to conserve heat.
Urine formation and control
- The sphincter muscles contract tightly to close the opening of the urethra, controlling the release of urine.
Key points to remember
- Excretion maintains balance in the body by removing harmful substances.
- Sweating helps regulate both temperature and salt/water balance.
- The excretory system works continuously to keep the internal environment safe and stable.
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