Processed Chemical Products

Cement  

- Produced by heating a mixture of limestone and clay in a kiln.  

- Mixed with water and sand → forms mortar (used to hold bricks).  

- Mixed with sand, gravel, and water → forms concrete (used in bridges, dams, pillars, skyscrapers).  

- Minerals used in cement production: Feldspar, Limestone, Lignite, Fluorite, Barytes, Asbestos, Clay, Silica Sand, Laterite, Red Ochre, Pumice, Calcite.  

Paint  

- A mixture of fluid and colouring matter.  

- Applied to surfaces to prevent weathering, corrosion, and deterioration, especially on metals.  

Plastics  

- Divided into four categories:  

  1. Bag plastic industry  

  2. Household/kitchenware plastic industry  

  3. Industrial plastic supplies industry  

  4. Miscellaneous items industry  

- Techniques for production: Injection moulding and extrusion.  

- Examples of products: TV/radio casings, PVC pipes, cassette recorders, hubs, clamps, gears, bobbins for digital clocks.  

Metallurgy  

- The science of extracting metals from ores and refining them for practical and commercial use.  

- Metals are often mixed to form alloys, which have superior properties compared to individual metals.  

Examples of Alloys:  

- Steel  

- Alnico (Aluminium, Nickel, Cobalt)  

- Soft Solder  

- Pewter  

- Permalloy