Q. Define the radian.
The angle subtended at the centre of a circle when the arc length equals the radius.
Q. With reference to velocity and acceleration, describe uniform circular motion.
When an object moves at a constant speed in a circle, its acceleration is always perpendicular to its velocity.
Q. State what is meant by centripetal acceleration.
Acceleration that acts toward the centre of the circle, always perpendicular to velocity.
Q. State what is meant by a field of force.
A region of space where a particle experiences a force.
Q. State what is meant by a line of force in a gravitational field.
The direction of force acting on a small point mass.
Q. Explain why the acceleration of free fall near the Earth’s surface is approximately constant.
Gravitational field lines near the Earth’s surface are radial but nearly parallel, giving a constant field strength and hence constant acceleration in free fall.
Q. State what is meant by a gravitational force.
The force of attraction acting between two masses in a gravitational field.
Q. Define gravitational field.
The force per unit mass experienced by a small test mass placed in the field.
Q. Define gravitational field strength.
The gravitational force per unit mass at a point in the field.
Q. Explain how gravitational field strength can be zero despite two large masses nearby.
When gravitational fields from two bodies (e.g., Earth and Moon) act in opposite directions, the resultant field becomes zero at the point where their magnitudes are equal.
Q. Explain how a satellite may be in a circular orbit around a planet.
The planet’s gravitational force provides the centripetal force needed to keep the satellite moving in a circular orbit.
Q. Define gravitational potential.
The work done per unit mass in moving a small mass from infinity to a point in the field.
Q. State the relationship between gravitational potential and gravitational field strength.
Gravitational field strength is the rate of change of gravitational potential with respect to distance.
The angle subtended at the centre of a circle when the arc length equals the radius.
Q. With reference to velocity and acceleration, describe uniform circular motion.
When an object moves at a constant speed in a circle, its acceleration is always perpendicular to its velocity.
Q. State what is meant by centripetal acceleration.
Acceleration that acts toward the centre of the circle, always perpendicular to velocity.
Q. State what is meant by a field of force.
A region of space where a particle experiences a force.
Q. State what is meant by a line of force in a gravitational field.
The direction of force acting on a small point mass.
Q. Explain why the acceleration of free fall near the Earth’s surface is approximately constant.
Gravitational field lines near the Earth’s surface are radial but nearly parallel, giving a constant field strength and hence constant acceleration in free fall.
Q. State what is meant by a gravitational force.
The force of attraction acting between two masses in a gravitational field.
Q. Define gravitational field.
The force per unit mass experienced by a small test mass placed in the field.
Q. Define gravitational field strength.
The gravitational force per unit mass at a point in the field.
Q. Explain how gravitational field strength can be zero despite two large masses nearby.
When gravitational fields from two bodies (e.g., Earth and Moon) act in opposite directions, the resultant field becomes zero at the point where their magnitudes are equal.
Q. Explain how a satellite may be in a circular orbit around a planet.
The planet’s gravitational force provides the centripetal force needed to keep the satellite moving in a circular orbit.
Q. Define gravitational potential.
The work done per unit mass in moving a small mass from infinity to a point in the field.
Q. State the relationship between gravitational potential and gravitational field strength.
Gravitational field strength is the rate of change of gravitational potential with respect to distance.
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