Q. What is the acid dissociation constant?
A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid indicates how easily the acid donates hydrogen ions in solution.
Q. What is pH?
pH measures the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. The scale ranges from 0 to 14 and can be determined using a universal indicator or a pH probe.
Q. What is a buffer?
A system that minimises pH changes when small amounts of acid or base are added.
Q. What is a weak acid buffer?
A mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base that helps maintain a stable pH.
Q. How do buffers control the pH of blood?
Blood must stay within a narrow pH range to protect enzymes and proteins. The carbonic acid–hydrogen carbonate buffer system maintains this balance by shifting the equilibrium when acids or bases are introduced.
Q. What is the solubility product?
The solubility product constant (Ksp) is the equilibrium constant for a solid dissolving in water. A higher Ksp means the substance is more soluble.
Q. How does the solubility product constant affect precipitate formation?
A precipitate forms only if the ionic concentrations in solution produce a value greater than the solubility product.
Q. What is the common ion effect?
The presence of a common ion reduces the solubility of a solute by shifting the equilibrium toward the solid form, preventing further dissociation.
Q. What is meant by the partition coefficient?
It describes the distribution of a substance between two immiscible liquids (like oil and water) in a separating funnel, where a dynamic equilibrium is established between the layers.
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