Binary Number System

- The binary system is the simplest way to represent instructions using electric signals:  

  - On → 1  

  - Off → 0  

- A number system that uses only 0 and 1 is called the Binary Number System.  

- Each binary digit is called a bit.  

Positional Value System  

- Binary is a positional value system, just like decimal.  

- In any binary number:  

  - The right‑most digit is the Least Significant Bit (LSB).  

  - The left‑most digit is the Most Significant Bit (MSB).  

Decimal Conversion  

- To convert binary to decimal, multiply each digit by its positional value (2^n) and sum the results.  

Example:

11010 = (1 x 2^4) + (1 x 2^3) + (0 x 2^2) + (1 x 2^1) + (0 x 2^0)

= 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 26