Major Instruments and Their Uses

- Accelerometer: Detects acceleration.  

- Altimeter: Indicates the altitude of an aircraft.  

- Ammeter: Records electric current in amperes.  

- Anemometer: Gauges wind speed.  

- Barometer: Shows atmospheric pressure.  

- Bolometer: Detects radiant energy.  

- Calliper: Used for measuring distances or dimensions.  

- Calorimeter: Determines heat changes in chemical reactions.  

- Crescograph: Tracks growth in plants.  

- Dynamometer: Assesses torque.  

- Electrometer: Detects electric charge.  

- Ellipsometer: Determines optical refractive indices.  

- Fathometer: Indicates depth in the sea.  

- Gravimeter: Records the local gravitational field of Earth.  

- Galvanometer: Detects small electric currents.  

- Hydrometer: Determines the specific gravity of liquids.  

- Hydrophone: Captures sound waves underwater.  

- Hygrometer: Indicates atmospheric humidity.  

- Inclinometer: Shows the angle of slope.  

- Interferometer: Used for analysing infrared light spectra.  

- Lactometer: Tests the purity of milk.  

- Laser: Provides a monochromatic source of light.  

- Magnetograph: Records magnetic fields.  

- Manometer: Indicates gas pressure.  

- Metre Rule: Used to measure the length of moderately sized objects.  

- Micrometre Screw Gauge: Determines small values of width, thickness, or diameter.  

- Multimeter: Combines functions to check voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, and frequency.  

- Ohmmeter: Determines electrical resistance.  

- Odometer: Records distance travelled by vehicles.  

- Oscilloscope: Displays waveforms and measures their frequency.  

- Photometer: Gauges light intensity.  

- Protractor: Used to measure angles.  

- Pyrometer: Determines surface temperature.  

- Radiometer: Detects radiation intensity or force.  

- Radar: Locates distant objects such as aircraft.  

- Sextant: Used to find the angle between two visible objects.  

- Seismometer: Records ground motion (earthquakes/seismic waves).  

- Spectrometer: Analyses light spectra.  

- Stopwatch: Records periods of time.  

- Theodolite: Determines horizontal and vertical angles.  

- Thermopile: Detects small amounts of radiant heat.  

- Thermometer: Indicates temperature.  

- Top‑pan Balance: Determines the mass of an object.  

- Udometer: Records rainfall.  

- Viscometer: Determines fluid viscosity.  

- Voltmeter: Indicates voltage.  

- Venturi Meter: Gauges liquid flow.  

- Vernier Callipers: Used to measure short lengths precisely.