Q. How do acyl chlorides react to form an ester?
Acyl chlorides react with primary alcohols to form esters.
Q. How does phenol react with NaOH?
Phenol reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium phenoxide and water.
Q. How does phenol react with sodium?
Phenol reacts with sodium to form sodium phenoxide and hydrogen gas.
Q. How does phenol react with dilute nitric acid?
Phenol reacts readily with dilute nitric acid at room temperature to form a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol.
Q. How does the bromination of phenol occur?
Phenol reacts with bromine to form a white precipitate of 2,4,6 - tribromophenol.
Q. What are the relative acidities of water, phenol and ethanol?
Phenol > Water > Ethanol
Phenol is the most acidic while ethanol is the least acidic.
Q. Explain the relative acidities of water, phenol and ethanol.
- Phenol is the most acidic of the compounds discussed because the phenoxide ion is relatively stable. The lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atom is delocalized into the pi system, which means the negative charge is spread over the carbon atoms. As a result, phenol is more likely to donate a hydrogen ion.
- Ethanol and water have similar acidities, but ethanol is the least acidic. This can be attributed to the positive inductive effect. The alkyl group in the ethoxide ion pushes electrons away from itself, which increases the electron density on the oxygen atom. This higher electron density makes it more likely for the oxygen to bond with a hydrogen ion and reform ethanol.
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