Hydrocarbons
- Definition: Compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
- They can be classified as saturated or unsaturated.
Saturated Hydrocarbons
- Carbon atoms are joined by single bonds only.
- Example: Alkanes.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
- Carbon atoms are joined by at least one double or triple bond.
- Examples: Alkenes (double bond) and Alkynes (triple bond).
Aromatic Compounds
- Cyclic (ring‑shaped) structures derived from benzene and its derivatives.
- They possess special stability due to delocalized electrons in the ring.
- Organic compounds that are not aromatic are classified as aliphatic compounds.
- Aliphatic compounds may be cyclic, but they lack the unique stability of aromatic rings.
Heterocyclic Compounds
- Usually aromatic compounds in which one or more carbon atoms in the ring are replaced by other atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulphur.
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