Physical Properties and Uses of Bases

Physical Properties of Bases  

- Litmus Test: Bases/alkalis turn red litmus paper blue.  

- Taste: Bases are bitter.  

- Touch: Alkalis feel soapy or slippery to touch.  

- Corrosiveness: Concentrated alkalis are corrosive and can cause burns.  

Uses of Bases  

1. Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂): Used in making mortar, cement, and plaster.  

2. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH): Essential in the production of soaps.  

3. Bases are used in manufacturing rayon and paper.  

4. Employed in softening hard water.  

5. Magnesium Hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂):  

   - Used in toothpaste.  

   - Acts as a laxative and antacid (commonly called milk of magnesia when dissolved in water).  

6. Bases are used in glassmaking.