Consider the claim that the world cannot do without nuclear technology.

History demonstrates the devastating consequences of nuclear technology. The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 killed over 200,000 people, with radiation effects persisting for generations (United States National Archives). Similarly, accidents at nuclear plants such as Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011) highlight the catastrophic risks of nuclear energy. These events fuel the argument that the world could survive without nuclear technology, relying instead on renewable energy and conventional weapons. Yet, evidence suggests that nuclear technology remains indispensable in today’s world.  

Opponents of nuclear weapons emphasise their destructive power and long-term radiation damage. Indeed, children born with deformities in post-war Japan are haunting reminders of nuclear fallout. However, nuclear deterrence has arguably prevented large-scale wars since 1945. For example, scholars of international relations argue that the Cold War remained “cold” largely because of the balance of nuclear power between the United States and the Soviet Union (Sagan, 1996). The case of Ukraine further illustrates this: after surrendering its nuclear arsenal in the 1990s, it lacked deterrence against Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014.  

In terms of energy, while solar, wind, and hydroelectric power are expanding, they face geographical and economic limitations. Germany’s decision to phase out nuclear power after Fukushima has led to increased reliance on coal, raising emissions (IEA, 2022). Conversely, France generates about 70% of its electricity from nuclear power, maintaining one of the lowest carbon footprints in Europe. This demonstrates that nuclear energy, despite risks, remains a viable low-carbon option.  

Beyond defence and energy, nuclear technology plays a crucial role in medicine and science. Radioisotopes are used in cancer treatments such as radiotherapy, which targets malignant cells while sparing healthy tissue. Research in nuclear fusion also promises cleaner, safer energy in the future. To abandon nuclear technology would mean halting progress in these vital areas.  

 

While the dangers of nuclear weapons and accidents are undeniable, the benefits of nuclear technology in deterrence, clean energy, and medical science outweigh the risks. Rather than eliminating it, the international community must focus on strict regulation, transparency, and cooperation to ensure nuclear technology serves humanity responsibly.