Separation techniques are simple physical procedures used in chemistry to separate two or more mixtures. They are essential for laboratory work, industrial processes, and everyday applications.
Types of Separation Techniques
1. Filtration
2. Decantation
3. Sieving
4. Simple Distillation
5. Fractional Distillation
6. Magnetic Separation
7. Evaporation
8. Chromatography
9. Separating Funnel
10. Sublimation
11. Centrifugation
12. Frostation
13. Floatation
14. Precipitation
15. Crystallisation
16. Fractional Crystallisation
Filtration
- Used to separate insoluble solids from a liquid solution.
- Equipment: filter paper, funnel, beaker.
- The clean liquid collected is called the filtrate.
Decantation
- Similar to filtration, but simpler.
- The insoluble solid settles at the bottom of the container.
- The clear liquid is decanted (poured off) into another container, leaving the solid behind.
Sieving
- Used to separate two or more solids of different sizes.
- A mesh or sieve allows smaller particles to pass through, while larger particles remain.
Simple Distillation
- Separates two miscible liquids with widely different boiling points.
- Commonly used in breweries and industries.
Fractional Distillation
- Separates two or more miscible liquids with close boiling points.
- Apparatus is similar to simple distillation, but includes a fractionating column for better separation.
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