Monday, November 11, 2024

Physics Chapter 10: Resistance and Resistivity

PHYSICS DEFINITION:

Ohm’s Law: A Conductor obeys Ohm’s law if its current is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends.

Ohmic: Component that obeys Ohm’s Law.

Non-ohmic: Component that does not obey Ohm’s Law.

 

PHYSICS KEYWORD LIST:

I-V Characteristic: Graph of current against voltage for a particular component of an electrical circuit.

Resistor: Electrical component whose resistance in a circuit remains constant, and is independent of current or potential difference.

NTC Thermistor: A device whose resistance decreases rapidly when the temperature increases.

Threshold Voltage: Minimum forward potential difference across a diode at which it starts to conduct.

Light-Dependent Resistor (LDR): A component whose resistance decreases with light intensity.

Delocalised Electron: Electron that is not attached to a specific ion, but is free to move throughout the crystal lattice.

Resistivity: Property of material; it measures its electrical resistance, defined by p = (RA)/L. Unit: Ω m

 

PHYSICS CHAPTER WISE SUMMARY:

A conductor obeys Ohm’s Law if the current in it is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends.

Ohmic components include a wire at constant temperature and a resistor.

Non-ohmic components include a filament lamp and a light-emitting diode.

A semiconductor diode allows current in one direction only.

As the temperature of a metal increases, so does its resistance.

A thermistor is a component that shows a rapid change in resistance over a narrow temperature range. The resistance of an NTC thermistor decreases as its temperature is increased.

The resistivity p of a material is defined as p = (RA)/L. The unit of resistivity is the ohm metre. (Ω m)

 

PHYSICS IMPORTANT NOTES:

Resistance is inversely proportional to cross-sectional area.

Resistance is directly proportional to the length of the wire.

Resistance = (Resistivity x length)/Cross-sectional area

Resistivity = (Resistance x Cross-sectional area)/length.

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