Operating System - Software that provides an environment in which applications can run and provides an interface between hardware and human operators.
HCI - Human-Computer Interface
GUI - Graphical User Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
Memory Management - Part of the operating system that controls the main memory.
Memory Optimisation - Function of memory management that determines how memory is allocated and deallocated.
Memory Organization - The function of memory management determines how much memory is allocated to an application.
CMOS - Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Icon - Small picture/symbol used to represent an application on screen.
WIMP - Windows, Icons, Menu and Pointing device
POST WIMP - Interfaces that go beyond WIMP and use touchscreen technology rather than a pointing device.
Pinching and Rotating - Actions by fingers on a touch screen to carry out tasks such as move, enlarge, reduce and so on.
Security Management - Part of the operating system that ensures data integrity, confidentially and availability.
Contiguous - Items next to each other.
Virtual Memory Systems - Memory management that uses hardware and software to enable computers to compensate for the shortage of actual physical memory.
Memory Protection - Function of memory management that ensures 2 completing applications cannot use the same memory locations at the same time.
Process Management - Part of the operating system that involves the allocation of resources and permits the sharing and exchange of data.
Bad Sector - Faulty sector on HDD, which can be soft or hard.
Back-up Utility - Software that makes copies of files on another portable storage device.
Hardware Management - Part of the operating system that controls input/output devices connected to the computer (made up of sub-management systems such as printer management, secondary storage management, and so on).
Device Driver - Software that communicates with the operating system and translates data into a format understood by the device.
Utility Program - Parts of the operating system, which carry out certain functions, such as virus checking, and defragmentation/hard disk formatted.
Disk Formatter - Utility that prepares a disk to allow data/files to be stored and retrieved.
Antivirus Software - Software that quarantines and deletes files/programs infected by a virus (or other malware). It can be run in the background/initiated by the user.
Heuristic Checking - Checking software for behaviour that could indicate a possible virus.
Quarantine - File/Program identified as being infected by a virus, which has been isolated by antivirus software before it is deleted at a later stage.
False Positive - File/Program identified by virus checker as being infected but the user knows this is incorrect.
Disk Defragmenter - Utility that reorganises the sectors on the hard disk so that files can be stored in contiguous data blocks.
Disk Content Analysis Software - Utility that checks disk drivers for empty space and disk usage by reviewing files and folders.
Disk Compression - Software that compresses data before storage on HDD.
Program Library - A library on the computer where programs and routines are stored which can be freely accessed by other software developers for use in their own programs.
Library Program - Program stored in a library for future use by other programmers.
Library Routine - Tested and ready-to-use routine available in the development system of programming language that can be incorporated into the program.
Dynamic Link File (DLL) - Library routine that can be linked to another program only at the run-time stage.
Translator - Systems software used to translate sources written in any language other than machine code.
Compiler - A computer program that translates source program written in a high-level language to p-code, object code. (machine code).
Interpreter - A computer program that analyses and executes programs written in high-level language line by line.
Prettyprinting - Practice of displaying/printing well-set-out formatted source code, making it easier to read and understand.
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