Physics U19 Important

Ice (255.15 K) to Ice (273.15 K): E = mcΔT

Ice (273.15 K) to Water (273.15 K): E = mL

Water (273.15 K) to Water (296.15 K): E = mcΔT

Thermal equilibrium is no net heat transfer between 2 objects.

Principle by which temperature is measured:

1. The density of mercury changes with temperature.
2. EMF of Thermocouple
3. Resistance of Metal
4. Volume of gas at constant pressure

Internal energy is the random distribution of potential energy and kinetic energy of all particles in a gas.

ΔT is always positive.

First Law of Thermodynamics: The increase in internal energy of a body is equal to the thermal energy transferred to it by heating plus the mechanical work done on it.