Friday, October 18, 2024

Physics Chapter 4: Forces: Vectors and Moments

 PHYSICS DEFINITION:

Principle of moments: Sum of clockwise moments about a point is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments about the same point provided the body is in equilibrium.

 

PHYSICS KEYWORD LIST:

Resultant Force: Single force that has the same effect as all of the forces acting on an object.

Triangle of forces: Closed triangle drawn for an object in equilibrium. The sides of the triangle represent the forces in both magnitude and direction.

Equilibrium: Object in equilibrium is either at rest or travelling with a constant velocity because the resultant force on it is zero.

Components (of a vector): Magnitudes of a vector quantity in 2 perpendicular directions.

Resolving (the vector): Splitting a vector (such as force) into 2 vectors at right angles.

Free-body force diagram: Diagram showing all the forces acting on an object (but not the forces it exerts on other objects).

Centre of gravity: Point where the entire weight of an object appears to act.

Moment of a force: Moment of a force about a point is the product of the force and perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the point.

Couple: Pair of equal and opposite forces that act on an object at different points and produce rotation only.

Torque (of a couple): Product of one of the forces and the perpendicular distance between the forces.

 

PHYSICS CHAPTER WISE SUMMARY:

Forces are vector quantities that can be added using a vector triangle. Their resultant can be determined using trigonometry or by scale drawing.

Forces can be resolved into components. Components at right angles to one another can be treated independently of one another. The components are:

x-direction: F Cos angle

y-direction: F Sin angle

The moment of force = force x perpendicular distance of the pivot from the line of action of the force.

The principle of moments states that, for any object in equilibrium, the sum of clockwise moments about any point provided by the forces acting on the object is equal to the sum of anticlockwise moments about that same point.

A couple is a pair of equal, parallel but opposite forces whose effect is to produce a turning effect on a body without giving it linear acceleration.

Torque of a couple = one of the forces x perpendicular distance between the forces.

For an object in equilibrium, the resultant force acting on the object must be zero and the resultant moments must be zero.

 

PHYSICS IMPORTANT NOTES:

The moment of force = force x perpendicular distance of the pivot from the line of action of the force.

Torque of a couple = one of the forces x perpendicular distance between the forces.

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